k = ( F c = /s e = m = dl = dx ˆx + dy ŷ + dz ẑ = dx i + dy j + dz k dτ = dxdydz

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Download "k = ( F c = /s e = m = dl = dx ˆx + dy ŷ + dz ẑ = dx i + dy j + dz k dτ = dxdydz"

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5 S R EMF L?[*-A*-iY*-, &;h I_ ÒYX;ƒ q =_Nj. iy&;f".v& 9Y*-A*+*-, Fe*-. -, Nj,5=_D5(-.ENf*-9Y*@.EN \E=8(+&;,5qE.$:<,m.* qsjd8nj.*-,>9;:<, =8* qe.ea&m&;f =_Nf*C=8&m&;A =8* B*+*-AqE.$:<,5=tSf&m&;h8.14 i S τ L = L/R &c,:?[*-a*-iy*-,t&;hmi_ ÒYX;ƒLq[,:LqESjD8Nj.*-,x9J:<, w5*-.!9y*-aefe&;ly*-, =8*kw5&m*-9Y*+*-Sjw5*-Nf=>*-,5*-AElJNf* h *-A!q$*+(+&;,5=8*& S P =5:<. =8&m&;A!=8*Co:<.E.*-AEN \}ly*-sf*-9y*-a=7&;a=_.14?[*-a*-iy*-,m&;hti_ ÒYX;ƒLq}w5*-.!9Y*-AEFe&;lY*-, =5:<.}.Ew5*-AEFLNfq(w@9Y*-AqE.&)&;im.-7&;A=_.Nj,t=8* 7*+*-AqE.$:<,5=]4 P R?[*-A*-iY*-,t&;h>I_ ÒYX;ƒcq}=8*C*-,5*-AElJNf*C=_Nf*'h*-A[.EN \=8q*+*-,8w5*-Nf= 7&;A=_.&;h8lY*+qESp:<lY*-,xNj,xw5*-.}F:<lJ,5*-.ENfq($w P 9Y*-Sf=>9;:<,>=8*kqh &)*-ST4 B + - v v *-, (+&;,5=8*-,5q$:<.&;ACo*+qE.$:J:<.D8Nj.'. 7*+*c*-9Y*-, }N \E=_NjlY*"h8Sp:<.*-, &;h *+*-, : y qe.$:<,5= 9;:<, *-Sji;:J:<A14'* o&19y*-,5q.* d h8sp:j:<.cw5*+* y.c.&;.$:<sf*csp:;=_nj,8l ]=8*L&;,5=8*-AqE.*ch8Sp:J:<. 4?[*-Nf=8*ch8Sp:<.*-,r+N \, D8,8Nzy &;AEF ly*-sp:;=8*-,fe*-.k*+*-, Q Q &;h8h*-ae9msp:<i).*-sp:;=_nj,8lyq=_nf(wm.ew5*-nf= 4"'*b(+&;,5=8*-,5q :<.&;Ako * 7*+*-lJ.CFe*-.k*+*-, qe,5*-sjw5*-nf= Nj, =8* AENf($w/.ENj,8l ±σ v x r+nf* *5lJD8D8A!& 4?[*-A*-iY*-,@w5*-.}F:<lJ,5*-.ENfq(w5* 9Y*-Sf=x.ED5qq*-,t=8*'h8Sp:<.*-,~ *-AEo & 9Y*-,@*-,>*-A&;,5=8*-A14?[*-A*-iY*-,M=8*'F:<lJ,5*-.ENfq(w5* ima$:;($w/. &;h@=8*'o & 9Y*-,5qE.*Ch8Sp:J:<.14 '*+* y Nj,>*+*-,tq$(w5*-.q!=8*CAENf($w/.ENj,8l :J:<,~4?7N \ B*-SjiY*"qE,5*-Sjw5*-Nf=xw5* y.!=8*cf:<lj,5*-.enfq(w5* ima$:;($w/.=8*c*-sf*-im.eaenfq($w5*ki)a$:;(wm.&;h Q

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